Haskell is described as 'Advanced purely-functional programming language. An open-source product of more than twenty years of cutting-edge research, it allows rapid development of robust, concise, correct software' and is a popular programming language in the development category. There are more than 50 alternatives to Haskell for a variety of platforms, including Linux, Mac, Windows, BSD and Web-based apps. The best Haskell alternative is Python, which is both free and Open Source. Other great apps like Haskell are Java, Rust, C++ and PHP.
Python is an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented, extensible programming language. It provides an extraordinary combination of clarity and versatility, and is free and comprehensively ported.
Java is a general-purpose computer programming language that is concurrent, class-based, object-oriented, and specifically designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible.
Java does not support tail call optimization-- an extremely important FP feature. Java didn't even have lambdas until recently. Java does not run natively like Haskell. Java almost requires OOP whereas Haskell is functional. Java's type system is very different (even inferior) from Haskell's.
Rust is a multi-paradigm, general-purpose programming language that emphasizes performance, type safety, and concurrency. It enforces memory safety—meaning that all references point to valid memory—without a garbage collector.
Data in Rust is immutable by default which matches Haskell's behavior. Rust's type system is similar to Haskell's. Rust support tail call optimization. Rust's option type supports basically the same error handling paradigm as Haskell's Maybe. Rust does not really use classes, but rather supports the definition of a data type and functions/methods that operate on that data type. Rust and Haskell both support pattern matching. Rust and Haskell both compile to native.
C++ is a statically typed, free-form, multi-paradigm, compiled, general-purpose, powerful programming language. It is regarded as an intermediate-level language, as it comprises a combination of both high-level and low-level language features.
Open-source scripting language executed on the server, PHP embeds into HTML, fostering dynamic web development. Influenced by C, Java, and Perl, it supports database integration, offers extensive libraries, and remains easy for beginners while robust for seasoned developers.
PHP is not at all functional like Haskell.
C is a general-purpose programming language. It was created in the 1970s by Dennis Ritchie and remains very widely used and influential. By design, C's features cleanly reflect the capabilities of the targeted CPUs.
C does not guarantee type safety, does not guarantee immutability nor thread safety, does not have functional quality of life improvements like list comprehensions etc.
C# is a multi-paradigm programming language encompassing strong typing, imperative, declarative, functional, generic, object-oriented (class-based), and component-oriented programming disciplines.
While C# does have functional lambda expression support, it is mainly a object orientated language which can differ a lot from functional programming not to mention Haskell being a purely functional language.
Lua is a powerful, fast, lightweight, embeddable scripting language.
Lua combines simple procedural syntax with powerful data description constructs based on associative arrays and extensible semantics. Lua is dynamically typed, runs by interpreting bytecode for a register-based.
Open-source programming language by Google, offering C-style syntax and automatic memory management. Features built-in concurrency and vast libraries, ideal for cloud services, web, and CLI development, supporting DevOps with fast builds and an expansive ecosystem.
Ruby is a dynamic, reflective, general purpose object-oriented programming language that combines syntax inspired by Perl with Smalltalk-like features. Ruby originated in Japan during the mid-1990s and was initially developed and designed by Yukihiro "Matz" Matsumoto.
Perl is a high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic programming language with over 22 years of development.
Kotlin is a cross-platform, statically typed, general-purpose programming language with type inference. Kotlin is designed to interoperate fully with Java, and the JVM version of its standard library depends on the Java Class Library, but type inference allows its syntax to be...
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While they can be both used for programming all kind of software and even look a bit similar, they are totally different in core functionality. Speaking of static typing vs dynamic typing, no one would want to switch to a dynamic typed language after experiencing Haskell.